Introduction. Increased virulence and drug resistance in species of Candida resulted in reduced disease control and further demand the development of potent antifungal drugs.Hypothesis. The repurposing of non-antifungal drugs and combination therapy has become an attractive alternative to counter the emerging drug resistance and toxicity of existing antifungal drugs against Candida albicans and non-albicans species.Aim. This study aimed to accelerate antifungal drug development process by drug repurposing approach.Methodology. In this study, the antifungal effects of the antiviral drug, 2-adamantylamine hydrochloride (2-AM), were explored against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis. Broth microdilution measured in vitro efficacy of 2-AM, whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and ergosterol quantification, cell cycle and phosphatidylserine externalization studies were detailed to investigate the antifungal mode of 2-AM action.Results. Results showed that 2-AM had fungicidal action against both the strains where, 2-AM further inhibited morphogenic transitions as well. Antibiofilm action of 2-AM on C. albicans was evidenced on urinary catheters. G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis indicated ROS induced antifungal effect of 2-AM on both strains.Conclusions. Results of in vitro studies offers insight into the antifungal activity of 2-AM and may serve as an effective antifungal repurposed candidate against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis.
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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| Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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